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Europe & Central Asia · Country statistics

Estonia

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At a glance

Latest published figures · reporting years differ
Population1.37M2025 · peopleGross domestic product$47.03B2025 · current US$GDP per capita$34.42K2025 · current US$ / personLife expectancy at birth79.32024 · yearsInternet use92.2%2024 · % of populationForest area57.1%2023 · % of land area
Population growth
-0.4%

% per year·2025

Published observation

Over time

Full published history
Estonia2025 · -0.4%
-2.57-1.54-0.50.541.581960199320251961: 1.1%1962: 1.3%1963: 1.4%1964: 1.4%1965: 1.4%1966: 1.1%1967: 0.8%1968: 0.9%1969: 1%1970: 1.1%1971: 1.2%1972: 1.1%1973: 1%1974: 0.9%1975: 0.8%1976: 0.7%1977: 0.7%1978: 0.7%1979: 0.6%1980: 0.6%1981: 0.7%1982: 0.7%1983: 0.7%1984: 0.7%1985: 0.7%1986: 0.7%1987: 0.8%1988: 0.6%1989: 0.4%1990: 0.1%1991: -0.5%1992: -1.8%1993: -2.6%1994: -2.1%1995: -1.8%1996: -1.5%1997: -1.1%1998: -1%1999: 0.3%2000: 0.5%2001: -0.6%2002: -0.6%2003: -0.6%2004: -0.6%2005: -0.6%2006: -0.6%2007: -0.5%2008: -0.3%2009: -0.2%2010: -0.2%2011: -0.3%2012: -0.4%2013: -0.4%2014: -0.3%2015: 0.1%2016: 0%2017: 0.1%2018: 0.3%2019: 0.4%2020: 0.2%2021: 0.1%2022: 1.3%2023: 1.6%2024: 0.1%2025: -0.4%

Annual population growth rate for year t is the exponential rate of growth of midyear population from year t-1 to t, expressed as a percentage. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.

Country context

Estonia in perspective

Region
Europe & Central Asia
Capital
Tallinn
Country code
EST

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